1. Shankar Vedantam, “Social Isolation Growing in U.S., Study Says,” The Washington Post, June 23, 2006, p. A03.

2. Robert Putnam, “E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century—The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture,” Scandinavian Political Studies 30 (2), June 2007.

3. Ali Levine, “No Strings Attached—Wireless Internet’s Potential for Nonprofits,” Nonprofit Technology Network, February 25, 2007. The Treos cost $300 each. ReForm software cost $125/month, plus $975 for custom logic branching development.

4. ComNET: Computerized Neighborhood Environment Tracking, online at http://www.fcny.org/portal.php/govt/cmgp/comnetsm/.

5. Ibid.

6. Doug Ramsey, “Meet Squirrel, a Personal Pollution Monitor,” This Week@UCSD, April 23, 2007.

7. “New Tools: Go Mobile Now,” New Politics Institute, October 15, 2007. Online at http://www.newpolitics.net/node/394?full_report=1.

8. “Health and the Environment Action Network,” Hispanichealth.org, online at http://www.hispanichealth.org/hean/.

9. Tad Hirsch and John Henry, “TXTmob: Text Messaging For Protest Swarms,” online at http://web.media.mit.edu/~tad/pub/txtmob_chi05.pdf

10. Ethan Zuckerman, video interview with J. D. Lasica, October 14, 2006.

11. Tim Chambers and Rob Sebastian, “Mobile Media in 21st Century Politics,” New Politics Institute, p. 22, September 1, 2006. Online at http://www.newpolitics.net/node/88.

12. Robert Tait, “Heard the One About the President?,” Guardian Unlimited, April 14, 2006.  Online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/iran/story/0,,1753857,00.html.

13. Sarah Toms, “Philippine Tape in Ringtone Craze.” BBC News, June 22, 2005. Online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4120042.stm.

14. Hrvoje Hranjski, “Cellphone Messages Mobilize RP Crowds,” China Post, February 28, 2006.

15. Katrin Verclas, “Texting It In: Monitoring Elections With Mobile Phones,” MobileActive.org, August 11, 2007. Online at http://mobileactive.org/texting-it-in.

16. Roy Mark, “Tech-Savvy Gen Xers Boost Obama Win,” eWeek.com, January 4, 2008. Online at http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,2243536,00.asp.

17. “Teenage Activists Turn Out Nationwide To Protest Immigration Bills,” Associated Press, April 1, 2006. 

18. John L. German, “Mobile phones and new media in pro-Tibet protests,” MobileActive.org, August 11, 2007. Online at http://mobileactive.org/outstanding-innovative-u.

19. Geoffrey A. Fowler, “‘Citizen Journalists' Evade Blackout On Myanmar News,” Wall Street Journal, page A1, September 28, 2007.

20. Katrin Verclas, “Text a Fish,” MobileActive.org, August 1, 2007.

21. Jed Alpert and Chris Muscarella: “Go Mobile Now,” New Politics Institute, 2007. Online at http://www.newpolitics.net/sites/ndn-newpol.civicactions.net/files/Go_Mobile.pdf.

22. Anthony Bruno, “Acts, Audience Connect Via Text Messaging,” Backstage.com, December 4, 2005. Online at http://www.backstage.com/bso/news_reviews/multimedia/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001613878.

23. Celine Crawford, “Text For Change - Bono Calls on Europeans to Sign up for Africa Using the Power of SMS,” Sun.com, June 28, 2005. Online at http://ie.sun.com/sunnews/press/2005/2005-06-28.html.

24. “Consultants Corner: Sending Out an SMS,” Hotline on Call, July 14, 2006.

25. For full details, see http://www.meetro.com/.

26. For full details, see http://www.mediaexprimo.jp/english/.

27. For full details, see http://murmurtoronto.ca/about.php.

28. Jo-Anne Green, Digital Storytelling Festival, October 2005. Online at http://transition.turbulence.org/blog/2005/10/31/digital-storytelling-festival/.

29. For full details, see http://blinkenlights.de/interactive.en.html.

30. Andrew Kohut: “The internet gains in politics,” Pew Internet & American Life Project, January 11, 2008. Online at http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/234/report_display.asp.

31. Mary Madden, “Online Video: 57% of internet users have watched videos online and most of them share what they find with others,” Pew Internet & American Life Project, July 25, 2007. Online at http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/219/report_display.asp.

32. John Horrigan, “Wireless Internet Access,” Pew Internet & American Life Project, February 25, 2007. Online at http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/203/report_display.asp.

33. “Video Shows UCLA Police Using Stun Gun On Student,” KNBC.com, Nov. 15, 2006. Online at http://www.knbc.com/news/10325914/detail.html.

34. Alan Reiter chronicles many of these developments at Cameraphonereport.com. Online at http://www.cameraphonereport.com/citizen_journalists_camera_phones/index.html.

35. Robert MacMillan, “Witnesses to History,” Washington Post, July 8, 2005. Online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/08/AR2005070800584.html.

36. Mark Glaser, “Did London bombings turn citizen journalists into citizen paparazzi?,” Online Journalism Review, July 12, 2005. Online at http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/050712glaser/.

37. Ben White email to J.D. Lasica, January 10, 2008. Africa Interactive, the online publisher of AfricaNews.com, is based in the Netherlands and maintains a staff of more than 90 African journalists, photographers and filmmakers who contribute from more than 25 African countries, including Kenya.

See Africa News: http://www.africanews.com.

See mobile reports: http://voicesofafrica.africanews.com/site/page/510:kenya.

Videos of the Kenya election:
http://www.africanews.com/site/page/news_archive?keywords=voicesofafrica_kenya_election.

38. For full details, see http://www.mediabloggers.org/about.

39. “D.E.F. Profiles,” Diamond Empowerment Fund site. Online at http://def.treemo.com.

40. For full details, see http://shareideas.org/index.php/About:About.

41. For full details, see http://www.sextextsf.org. The program was based on a successful program in London operated by the Brook Advisory Centres.

42. For details, see Mobile Voter campaigns at http://mobilevoter.org/campaigns.html.

43. “Californians Lobby the Governor with Text Messages,” Itsourhealthcare.org. Online at http://itsourhealthcare.org/press.html.

44. “Stories From Eyes on the Prize,” KQED Digital Storytelling Initiative. Online at http://dsi.kqed.org/index.php/projects/stories/C78/.

45. Katrin Verclas, “Is mobile giving about to take off in the United States?,” Mobileactive.org, February 12, 2008. Online at http://mobileactive.org/mobile-giving-about-take-united-states.

46. Roy Mark, “Verizon Wireless Reverses Pro-Abortion Text Messaging Decision,” eWeek, September 27, 2007.

47. Laura M. Holson: “Cellphone Straitjacket Is Inspiring a Rebellion,” New York Times, Nov. 12, 2007. Online at http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/12/technology/12cell.html.

48. For details, see the Open Handset Alliance website at http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/.

49. "The Seven Biggest Mobile Content Stories of 2007," Fierce Mobile Content. Online at http://www.fiercemobilecontent.com/story/seven-biggest-mobile-content-stories-2007/2007-12-21.

50. Peter Sayer: “GPS about finding friends, not route,” Infoworld, February 15, 2008. Online at http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/02/15/GPS-about-finding-friends-not-route_1.html.

51. Mark Dean: “Mobile phone, not PC, bridges digital gap,” San Jose Mercury News, February 10, 2008. Online at http://www.mercurynews.com//ci_8222868?IADID=Search-www.mercurynews.com-www.mercurynews.com.

52. TeacherEase is currently in use by over 20,000 teachers and 200,000 parents and students. The site’s chief mission is “to inform and involve parents.” More information online at http://teacherease.com.

53. J.D. Lasica: “Mobile and education,” a video interview in which Joaquin Alvarado outlined the proposal, Ourmedia.org, December 12, 2007, online at http://ourmedia.org/node/382892.

54. This is a different approach than the one taken by the site ReporTwitters (http://reportwitters.com) or columnist Steve Outing's recent suggestions of a Twitter city desk and Twitter as an aggregator of reader news bits. Online at http://www.steveouting.com/how-about-a-twitter-city-desk.html and http://www.poynter.org/column.asp?id=31&aid=133274.

55. J.D. Lasica, The Mobile Generation: Global Transformations at the Cellular Level, Washington, D.C.: The Aspen Institute, 2007.  Online at http://www.aspeninstitute.org/site/apps/ka/ec/product.asp?c=huLWJeMRKpH&b=667387&en=juKNJ1POLkIRI2MNJaJULkMTJbIPJbMZImI0KlM6H&ProductID=416787.

56. Laura M. Holson: "Text Generation Gap: U R 2 Old (JK)," New York Times, March 9, 2008. Online at http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/09/business/09cell.html.

57. Ellen Lee: "SexTech takes sex education online for kids," San Francisco Chronicle, January 24, 2008. Online at http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/01/24/BUHHUJ7QB.DTL.

59. Cynthia M. Gibson: “Citizens at the Center: A new approach to civic engagement,” Case Foundation, 2006, p. 7.  Online at
http://casefoundation.org/c/document_library/get_file?repository_id=1&file_path=%2Fspotlight%2Fcivic_engagement&file_name=citizenship_whitepaper_030107.pdf.