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T*
[(150 per)5.7(cent of the HHS po)15.7(v)5.9(e)0.1(r)-7.9(ty guidelines\),)]TJ
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[(Clients ar)19.7(e Opening and Sustaining)]TJ
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(Businesses)Tj
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-1.5 -1.1667 TD
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T*
(existing business that they would like to sustain and)Tj
T*
[(gr)5.7(o)12(w)74.9(. A)5.7(t)0( least one y)5.7(ear after r)9.6(eceiving ser)-17.9(vices, 651)]TJ
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[(clients, or 80 per)5.7(cent of the sample of 813 clients,)]TJ
T*
-0.0059 Tc
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(we)Tj
1.0498 0 TD
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(re)Tj
0.7182 0 TD
( )Tj
0.2749 0 TD
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[(operating businesses. N)29.6(early 60 per)5.7(cent of the)]TJ
-2.0429 -1.1667 TD
[(business o)11.8(wners dev)5.7(oted full-time effor)-7.9(ts to their)]TJ
T*
[(businesses, with the r)9.6(emaining 40 per)5.7(cent r)9.6(epor)-7.9(ting)]TJ
T*
[(par)-7.9(t-time inv)5.7(olv)5.7(ement. )44.8(The businesses w)5.7(e)0.1(r)9.6(e)0( in)]TJ
T*
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-0.322 -1.1667 TD
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T*
[(addition to the o)11.8(wner)59.7(. O)5.7(ne quar)-7.9(ter r)9.7(epor)-7.9(ted par)-7.9(t)0.2(-)]TJ
T*
[(time or seasonal emplo)11.8(y)5.8(ees, and 15 per)5.7(cent)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(r)Tj
0.322 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(epor)-7.9(ted full-time emplo)11.8(y)5.8(ees. Collectiv)5.7(ely)84.8(, the)]TJ
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T*
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(9)Tj
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-0.0101 Tc
0.025 Tw
(Longitudinal information on business status,)Tj
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[(based on data collected fr)5.8(om r)9.6(espondents at both)]TJ
T*
[(intake and sur)-17.9(v)5.9(e)-0.1(y)84.8(,)0( is av)5.7(ailable on a smaller sample of)]TJ
T*
[(758 r)9.6(espondents. )44.8(These data demonstrate that clients)]TJ
T*
[(ar)9.6(e both sustaining and cr)9.7(eating ne)-6(w businesses. )44.8(The)]TJ
T*
[(data sho)11.8(w an incr)9.7(ease of 12.6 per)5.8(cent in the number)]TJ
T*
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[(collaborativ)5.7(e effor)-7.9(t with industr)-17.9(y practitioners)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
[(since 1997, has been used b)5.8(y)0.1( mor)9.7(e than 70)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
[(micr)5.7(oenterprise organizations.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
[(3.)-750.1(Length of ser)-18(vice was calculated fr)5.7(om a client's)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
[(entr)-17.9(y date to D)5.7(ecember 31, 2002, the last date)]TJ
T*
[(of the fiscal y)5.7(ear studied. A)41.9(v)5.9(erage length of)]TJ
T*
[(ser)-17.9(vice was 1.73 y)5.7(ears \(n=813\).)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
[(4.)-750.1(F)35.9(or 7 per)5.7(cent of clients, the business status at)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
[(intake was unkno)11.8(wn.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
[(5.)-750.1(2003 D)11.8(i)0.3(r)9.6(ector)-17.9(y)0( of U.S. M)11.8(i)0.2(cr)5.7(oenterprise)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
-0.03 Tc
0 Tw
(Pr)Tj
0.845 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ograms; av)5.7(ailable at)]TJ
-0.845 -1.1667 TD
0 Tw
[(http://fieldus.org/dir)9.6(ector)-17.9(y/H)17.7(ighlights2003.pdf;)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
(I)Tj
0.3259 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(nternet.)Tj
-1.8259 -1.5807 TD
0.0249 Tw
[(6.)-750.1(M)12(i)0.2(cr)5.7(oT)119.7(est P)53.8(e)0.1(r)-7.9(f)0.1(ormance data F)33.8(iscal )14.7(Y)89.8(ear 2003.)]TJ
T*
[(7.)-750.1(F)35.9(or a family of four in 2003, the po)15.7(v)5.9(e)0.1(r)-7.9(ty rate)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
0 Tc
(was $18,400.)Tj
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
-0.0001 Tc
[(8.)-750.1(M)12(i)0.2(cr)5.7(oT)119.7(est P)53.8(e)0.1(r)-7.9(f)0.1(ormance data F)33.8(iscal )14.7(Y)89.8(ear 2003.)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
[(9.)-750(N=651.)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(10.)-250.1(I)17.8(d)0(eally)84.8(, the best way to measur)9.6(e the v)5.7(alue of the)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
(business to the household would be to track)Tj
T*
[(pr)5.7(ofits \(business r)9.6(e)0(v)5.7(enues less business)]TJ
T*
[(expenses\) o)15.7(v)5.9(er time. H)17.7(o)12(w)5.8(e)0(v)5.7(e)0.1(r)59.7(,)0( in the course of)]TJ
T*
[(its r)9.6(esear)5.7(ch with lo)11.8(w-income entr)9.7(epr)9.6(eneurs,)]TJ
T*
[(FIELD has learned that many entr)9.6(epr)9.6(eneurs do)]TJ
T*
[(not hav)5.7(e a v)5.7(e)0.1(r)-17.9(y)0( clear idea of their pr)5.7(ofits. )44.8(This)]TJ
T*
[(stems fr)5.7(om a v)5.7(ariety of factors, including: that)]TJ
T*
[(some entr)9.6(epr)9.6(eneurs v)5.7(a)0.3(r)-18(y)0( in ho)11.8(w they pay)]TJ
T*
[(themselv)5.7(es \(e.g., taking an o)11.8(wner's draw or)59.7(,)]TJ
T*
[(alternativ)5.7(ely)84.8(, a r)9.6(egular salar)-17.9(y\), the quality of)]TJ
T*
[(their financial r)9.6(ecor)13.8(d-keeping, and the degr)9.6(ee)]TJ
T*
[(to which household and business finances ar)9.6(e)]TJ
T*
[(co-mingled. I)11.8(n)0( the course of conducting)]TJ
T*
[(inter)-17.9(vie)-6(ws, FIELD has found that answ)5.7(ers to)]TJ
T*
[(questions about ho)11.8(w much money the )]TJ
21.667 51.6915 TD
[(entr)9.6(epr)9.6(eneur took out of the business seem to)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(be mor)9.6(e r)9.6(eliable than answ)5.7(ers to questions)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(r)Tj
0.322 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(elating to )59.7(p)0.3(r)5.7(ofits. As such, FIELD's mor)9.6(e)]TJ
-0.322 -1.1667 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(r)Tj
0.322 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(ecent sur)-17.9(v)5.9(ey r)9.6(esear)5.7(ch looks at the issue of)]TJ
-0.322 -1.1667 TD
[(income drawn fr)5.7(om the business, rather than)]TJ
T*
-0.0002 Tc
[(pr)5.6(ofitability)84.7(. \(F)35.7(r)5.9(o)0(m )]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
0 792 612 -792 re
0 792 m
W n
0 792.06 612 -792 re
W n
BT
/F8 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 425.6053 638.9591 Tm
/Cs8 cs 1 scn
/GS3 gs
0 Tc
0 Tw
(O)Tj
0.7241 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(pening O)5.7(ppor)-7.9(tunities,)]TJ
-8.4409 -1.1667 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(B)Tj
0.5688 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.0249 Tw
[(uilding Ownership: F)29.7(ulfilling the P)23.8(r)5.9(omise of)]TJ
-0.5688 -1.1667 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(M)Tj
0.8618 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(icr)5.7(oenterprise in the U)29.6(nited S)23.8(tates)]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 i
0 792 612 -792 re
0 792 m
W n
0 792.06 612 -792 re
W n
BT
/F3 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 493.1721 610.9591 Tm
/Cs8 cs 1 scn
/GS3 gs
-0.0001 Tc
0.0251 Tw
[(, E)5.7(dgcomb)]TJ
-13.3473 -1.1667 TD
[(and Klein, F)35.8(ebr)-7.9(uar)-17.9(y 2005, the Aspen I)11.8(nstitute\).)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
[(11.)-250(N=539.)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(12.)-250.1(I)12(n)0( calculating the median and av)5.7(erages, those)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
[(cases wher)9.6(e the o)11.8(wner r)9.6(epor)-7.9(ted not taking a)]TJ
T*
[(draw w)5.7(e)0.1(r)9.6(e)-0.1( ex)11.8(cluded. I)11.8(n)0( the case of par)-7.9(t-time)]TJ
T*
[(business o)11.8(wners, 99/222, or 45 per)5.7(cent of par)-7.9(t-)]TJ
T*
[(time o)11.8(wners, r)9.6(epor)-7.9(ted not taking a draw)74.8(.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
[(13.)-250.1(S)24.1(um of per)5.7(centages is gr)9.6(eater than 100 per)5.7(cent)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
[(due to r)5.7(ounding.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
[(14.)-250.1(N=233 for existing businesses with r)9.6(e)0(v)5.7(enue)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
[(data at both intake and sur)-17.9(v)5.9(e)-0.1(y)84.8(.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
[(15.)-250.1(U)29.8(sing the federal standar)13.8(d for minimum wage)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
[(for 52 w)5.7(eeks, or $10,712 annually)84.8(.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
[(16.)-250.1(N=19; o)11.8(wner's draw and household income)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
[(longitudinal data w)5.7(e)0.1(r)9.7(e)0( av)5.7(ailable for only)]TJ
T*
[(appr)5.7(o)5.9(ximately one-thir)13.8(d of the sample.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
0 Tc
[(17.)-250(N=277 businesses.)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
[(18.)-250.1(I)12(n)0( generating FTE, par)-7.9(t-time and seasonable)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
[(emplo)11.8(y)5.8(ees w)5.7(e)0.1(r)9.6(e)0( counted as one-half an FTE.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
[(19)-500(N=342.)]TJ
T*
[(20)-500(N=233.)]TJ
T*
-0.0001 Tc
0.025 Tw
[(21.)-250.1(A)42.1(v)5.9(erage sales gr)9.6(e)-5.9(w)-0.1( b)5.7(y)0( 56 per)5.7(cent, ho)11.8(w)5.8(e)0(v)5.7(e)0.1(r)59.7(,)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
(suggesting that a limited number of businesses)Tj
T*
[(in this gr)5.7(oup gr)9.6(e)-6(w)0( substantially)84.8(.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
[(22.)-250.1(A)42.1(v)5.9(ailable at)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
0 Tw
[(http://www)74.8(.census.go)15.7(v/pr)5.7(od/2004pubs/)]TJ
T*
0.025 Tw
[(p60-226.pdf; I)11.8(nternet.)]TJ
-1.5 -1.5807 TD
[(23.)-250.1(I)5.9(llustrating fur)-7.9(ther concentration, 5 per)5.7(cent of)]TJ
1.5 -1.1667 TD
[(the businesses sur)-17.9(v)5.9(ey)5.7(ed accounted for 65)]TJ
T*
[(per)5.7(cent of the emplo)11.8(yment and 45 per)5.7(cent of)]TJ
T*
-0.01 Tc
0 Tw
(re)Tj
0.7179 0 TD
(v)Tj
0.4262 0 TD
0 Tc
(enues.)Tj
ET
0 792.06 612 -27.751 re
f
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246.855 26.192 116.895 -28.442 re
W* n
0 792 612 -792 re
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q 0 0.1189 0.4644 0 245.855 -3.2492 cm BX /Sh1 sh EX Q
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f
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f
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f
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